Airflow 3 and Airflow AI SDK in Action - Analyzing League of Legends
Learn Key Airflow 3 and AI Features Through a Practical League of Legends Data Project
agent
Talk to Airflow - Build an AI Agent Using PydanticAI and Gemini 2.0
Create an AI agent with PydanticAI to interact with Airflow DAGs
ai
The AI Mirage - The Real Reason Your AI Projects Are Failing
Effective AI implementation relies not only on the quantity of data but also on technical expertise. Let's explore the significance of having a skilled data team for AI projects, learn about the Small Data movement and examine how far we can go with no-code or low-code AI platforms.
Minds and Machines - AI for Mental Health Support, Fine-Tuning LLMs with LoRA in Practice
Explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) changing the future of mental healthcare and learn about how to apply Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) to create an AI-powered mental health support chatbot by example
Create your own Gemini AI-chatbot with a twist using Python, Jinja2 and NiceGUI
Discover the basics of using Gemini with Python via VertexAI, creating a Web UI with NiceGUI and using Jinja2 to construct modular prompts
Create an AI-driven movie quiz with Gemini LLM, Python, FastAPI, Pydantic, RAG and more
Discover the basics of using Gemini with Python via VertexAI, creating APIs with FastAPI, data validation with Pydantic and the fundamentals of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)
ai-agent
Talk to Airflow - Build an AI Agent Using PydanticAI and Gemini 2.0
Create an AI agent with PydanticAI to interact with Airflow DAGs
ai-platforms
The AI Mirage - The Real Reason Your AI Projects Are Failing
Effective AI implementation relies not only on the quantity of data but also on technical expertise. Let's explore the significance of having a skilled data team for AI projects, learn about the Small Data movement and examine how far we can go with no-code or low-code AI platforms.
airflow
Airflow 3 and Airflow AI SDK in Action - Analyzing League of Legends
Learn Key Airflow 3 and AI Features Through a Practical League of Legends Data Project
Talk to Airflow - Build an AI Agent Using PydanticAI and Gemini 2.0
Create an AI agent with PydanticAI to interact with Airflow DAGs
Stop Creating Multiple Airflow DAGs for Reloads and Parallel Processing
Modern Airflow and Dynamic Task Mapping to Transform Messy DAG Collections into Clean Solutions
Netflix Maestro and Apache Airflow - Competitors or Companions in Workflow Orchestration?
Explore how Netflix Maestro and Apache Airflow, two powerful workflow orchestration tools, can complement each other. Delve into their features, strengths, and use cases to uncover whether they are companions or competitors.
Exploring StarCraft 2 data with Airflow, DuckDB and Streamlit
Practical example on how to create an Airflow DAG to fetch data from the StarCraft II API, utilize DuckDB for processing and Streamlit for visualizing
An introduction to Airflow, setting up a local environment and writing your first DAG
This article explains the Apache Airflow basics and guides you through the process setting up a local environment as well as writing your first DAG using the TaskFlow API
airflow-ai-sdk
Airflow 3 and Airflow AI SDK in Action - Analyzing League of Legends
Learn Key Airflow 3 and AI Features Through a Practical League of Legends Data Project
american-dream
The American Dream ETL - A Data Engineer's O-1A Journey
A personal journey and practical guide from Hamburg to Hollywood
big-data
The AI Mirage - The Real Reason Your AI Projects Are Failing
Effective AI implementation relies not only on the quantity of data but also on technical expertise. Let's explore the significance of having a skilled data team for AI projects, learn about the Small Data movement and examine how far we can go with no-code or low-code AI platforms.
big-query
Easter egg hunt with BigQuery and User-Defined Functions (UDFs)
Discover the basics of extensibility with BigQuery User-Defined Functions (UDFs) with a little Easter egg hunt game
bigquery
A Definitive Guide to Using BigQuery efficiently
Make the most out of your BigQuery usage, burn data rather than money to create real value with some practical techniques
cloud
A Definitive Guide to Using BigQuery efficiently
Make the most out of your BigQuery usage, burn data rather than money to create real value with some practical techniques
dag
Talk to Airflow - Build an AI Agent Using PydanticAI and Gemini 2.0
Create an AI agent with PydanticAI to interact with Airflow DAGs
data-engineering
Airflow 3 and Airflow AI SDK in Action - Analyzing League of Legends
Learn Key Airflow 3 and AI Features Through a Practical League of Legends Data Project
The American Dream ETL - A Data Engineer's O-1A Journey
A personal journey and practical guide from Hamburg to Hollywood
Talk to Airflow - Build an AI Agent Using PydanticAI and Gemini 2.0
Create an AI agent with PydanticAI to interact with Airflow DAGs
Your Machine, Your AI - The Ultimate Local Productivity Stack with Ollama
Supercharge Workflows - How to 10x Your Productivity with Local AI, Ollama, and Raycast - 100% Free & Secure
From Scrolls to Similarity Search - Building a Movie Recommender with DuckDB VSS
Learn how to use DuckDB's Vector Similarity Search extension to create a recommendation engine using semantic search and Gemini embeddings
Stop Creating Multiple Airflow DAGs for Reloads and Parallel Processing
Modern Airflow and Dynamic Task Mapping to Transform Messy DAG Collections into Clean Solutions
The AI Mirage - The Real Reason Your AI Projects Are Failing
Effective AI implementation relies not only on the quantity of data but also on technical expertise. Let's explore the significance of having a skilled data team for AI projects, learn about the Small Data movement and examine how far we can go with no-code or low-code AI platforms.
Netflix Maestro and Apache Airflow - Competitors or Companions in Workflow Orchestration?
Explore how Netflix Maestro and Apache Airflow, two powerful workflow orchestration tools, can complement each other. Delve into their features, strengths, and use cases to uncover whether they are companions or competitors.
Minds and Machines - AI for Mental Health Support, Fine-Tuning LLMs with LoRA in Practice
Explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) changing the future of mental healthcare and learn about how to apply Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) to create an AI-powered mental health support chatbot by example
Solving a Data Engineering task with pragmatism and asking WHY?
Explore the essence of pragmatic Data Engineering through a task-solving journey and learn why you should ask WHY?
Create your own Gemini AI-chatbot with a twist using Python, Jinja2 and NiceGUI
Discover the basics of using Gemini with Python via VertexAI, creating a Web UI with NiceGUI and using Jinja2 to construct modular prompts
Create an AI-driven movie quiz with Gemini LLM, Python, FastAPI, Pydantic, RAG and more
Discover the basics of using Gemini with Python via VertexAI, creating APIs with FastAPI, data validation with Pydantic and the fundamentals of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)
Easter egg hunt with BigQuery and User-Defined Functions (UDFs)
Discover the basics of extensibility with BigQuery User-Defined Functions (UDFs) with a little Easter egg hunt game
Real-time Twitch chat sentiment analysis with Apache Flink
Learn how to use Apache Flink with this demo that uses Stanford CoreNLP to analyze the Twitch chat in real-time
Gotta process 'em all - DuckDB masters your data like a Pokémon trainer
Practical examples how to use DuckDB as a tool for data wrangling based on Pokémon API data
Exploring StarCraft 2 data with Airflow, DuckDB and Streamlit
Practical example on how to create an Airflow DAG to fetch data from the StarCraft II API, utilize DuckDB for processing and Streamlit for visualizing
A Definitive Guide to Using BigQuery efficiently
Make the most out of your BigQuery usage, burn data rather than money to create real value with some practical techniques
An introduction to Airflow, setting up a local environment and writing your first DAG
This article explains the Apache Airflow basics and guides you through the process setting up a local environment as well as writing your first DAG using the TaskFlow API
duckdb
From Scrolls to Similarity Search - Building a Movie Recommender with DuckDB VSS
Learn how to use DuckDB's Vector Similarity Search extension to create a recommendation engine using semantic search and Gemini embeddings
Solving a Data Engineering task with pragmatism and asking WHY?
Explore the essence of pragmatic Data Engineering through a task-solving journey and learn why you should ask WHY?
Gotta process 'em all - DuckDB masters your data like a Pokémon trainer
Practical examples how to use DuckDB as a tool for data wrangling based on Pokémon API data
Exploring StarCraft 2 data with Airflow, DuckDB and Streamlit
Practical example on how to create an Airflow DAG to fetch data from the StarCraft II API, utilize DuckDB for processing and Streamlit for visualizing
dynamic-task-mapping
Airflow 3 and Airflow AI SDK in Action - Analyzing League of Legends
Learn Key Airflow 3 and AI Features Through a Practical League of Legends Data Project
Stop Creating Multiple Airflow DAGs for Reloads and Parallel Processing
Modern Airflow and Dynamic Task Mapping to Transform Messy DAG Collections into Clean Solutions
fastapi
Solving a Data Engineering task with pragmatism and asking WHY?
Explore the essence of pragmatic Data Engineering through a task-solving journey and learn why you should ask WHY?
flink
Real-time Twitch chat sentiment analysis with Apache Flink
Learn how to use Apache Flink with this demo that uses Stanford CoreNLP to analyze the Twitch chat in real-time
gcp
Create your own Gemini AI-chatbot with a twist using Python, Jinja2 and NiceGUI
Discover the basics of using Gemini with Python via VertexAI, creating a Web UI with NiceGUI and using Jinja2 to construct modular prompts
Create an AI-driven movie quiz with Gemini LLM, Python, FastAPI, Pydantic, RAG and more
Discover the basics of using Gemini with Python via VertexAI, creating APIs with FastAPI, data validation with Pydantic and the fundamentals of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)
Easter egg hunt with BigQuery and User-Defined Functions (UDFs)
Discover the basics of extensibility with BigQuery User-Defined Functions (UDFs) with a little Easter egg hunt game
A Definitive Guide to Using BigQuery efficiently
Make the most out of your BigQuery usage, burn data rather than money to create real value with some practical techniques
gemini
Airflow 3 and Airflow AI SDK in Action - Analyzing League of Legends
Learn Key Airflow 3 and AI Features Through a Practical League of Legends Data Project
Talk to Airflow - Build an AI Agent Using PydanticAI and Gemini 2.0
Create an AI agent with PydanticAI to interact with Airflow DAGs
From Scrolls to Similarity Search - Building a Movie Recommender with DuckDB VSS
Learn how to use DuckDB's Vector Similarity Search extension to create a recommendation engine using semantic search and Gemini embeddings
Create your own Gemini AI-chatbot with a twist using Python, Jinja2 and NiceGUI
Discover the basics of using Gemini with Python via VertexAI, creating a Web UI with NiceGUI and using Jinja2 to construct modular prompts
Create an AI-driven movie quiz with Gemini LLM, Python, FastAPI, Pydantic, RAG and more
Discover the basics of using Gemini with Python via VertexAI, creating APIs with FastAPI, data validation with Pydantic and the fundamentals of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)
gemma
Your Machine, Your AI - The Ultimate Local Productivity Stack with Ollama
Supercharge Workflows - How to 10x Your Productivity with Local AI, Ollama, and Raycast - 100% Free & Secure
hackathon
Minds and Machines - AI for Mental Health Support, Fine-Tuning LLMs with LoRA in Practice
Explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) changing the future of mental healthcare and learn about how to apply Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) to create an AI-powered mental health support chatbot by example
hugging-face
Minds and Machines - AI for Mental Health Support, Fine-Tuning LLMs with LoRA in Practice
Explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) changing the future of mental healthcare and learn about how to apply Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) to create an AI-powered mental health support chatbot by example
immigration
The American Dream ETL - A Data Engineer's O-1A Journey
A personal journey and practical guide from Hamburg to Hollywood
inspiration
The American Dream ETL - A Data Engineer's O-1A Journey
A personal journey and practical guide from Hamburg to Hollywood
java
Netflix Maestro and Apache Airflow - Competitors or Companions in Workflow Orchestration?
Explore how Netflix Maestro and Apache Airflow, two powerful workflow orchestration tools, can complement each other. Delve into their features, strengths, and use cases to uncover whether they are companions or competitors.
Real-time Twitch chat sentiment analysis with Apache Flink
Learn how to use Apache Flink with this demo that uses Stanford CoreNLP to analyze the Twitch chat in real-time
jekyll
Hello world
Time for a new project...
kiss
Solving a Data Engineering task with pragmatism and asking WHY?
Explore the essence of pragmatic Data Engineering through a task-solving journey and learn why you should ask WHY?
life
Hello world
Time for a new project...
llava
Your Machine, Your AI - The Ultimate Local Productivity Stack with Ollama
Supercharge Workflows - How to 10x Your Productivity with Local AI, Ollama, and Raycast - 100% Free & Secure
llm
Your Machine, Your AI - The Ultimate Local Productivity Stack with Ollama
Supercharge Workflows - How to 10x Your Productivity with Local AI, Ollama, and Raycast - 100% Free & Secure
Minds and Machines - AI for Mental Health Support, Fine-Tuning LLMs with LoRA in Practice
Explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) changing the future of mental healthcare and learn about how to apply Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) to create an AI-powered mental health support chatbot by example
local-ai
Your Machine, Your AI - The Ultimate Local Productivity Stack with Ollama
Supercharge Workflows - How to 10x Your Productivity with Local AI, Ollama, and Raycast - 100% Free & Secure
lora
Minds and Machines - AI for Mental Health Support, Fine-Tuning LLMs with LoRA in Practice
Explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) changing the future of mental healthcare and learn about how to apply Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) to create an AI-powered mental health support chatbot by example
machine-learning
Real-time Twitch chat sentiment analysis with Apache Flink
Learn how to use Apache Flink with this demo that uses Stanford CoreNLP to analyze the Twitch chat in real-time
meastro
Netflix Maestro and Apache Airflow - Competitors or Companions in Workflow Orchestration?
Explore how Netflix Maestro and Apache Airflow, two powerful workflow orchestration tools, can complement each other. Delve into their features, strengths, and use cases to uncover whether they are companions or competitors.
mental-health
Minds and Machines - AI for Mental Health Support, Fine-Tuning LLMs with LoRA in Practice
Explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) changing the future of mental healthcare and learn about how to apply Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) to create an AI-powered mental health support chatbot by example
motivation
The American Dream ETL - A Data Engineer's O-1A Journey
A personal journey and practical guide from Hamburg to Hollywood
Hello world
Time for a new project...
netflix
Netflix Maestro and Apache Airflow - Competitors or Companions in Workflow Orchestration?
Explore how Netflix Maestro and Apache Airflow, two powerful workflow orchestration tools, can complement each other. Delve into their features, strengths, and use cases to uncover whether they are companions or competitors.
nicegui
Create your own Gemini AI-chatbot with a twist using Python, Jinja2 and NiceGUI
Discover the basics of using Gemini with Python via VertexAI, creating a Web UI with NiceGUI and using Jinja2 to construct modular prompts
nlp
Real-time Twitch chat sentiment analysis with Apache Flink
Learn how to use Apache Flink with this demo that uses Stanford CoreNLP to analyze the Twitch chat in real-time
ollama
Your Machine, Your AI - The Ultimate Local Productivity Stack with Ollama
Supercharge Workflows - How to 10x Your Productivity with Local AI, Ollama, and Raycast - 100% Free & Secure
orchestration
Netflix Maestro and Apache Airflow - Competitors or Companions in Workflow Orchestration?
Explore how Netflix Maestro and Apache Airflow, two powerful workflow orchestration tools, can complement each other. Delve into their features, strengths, and use cases to uncover whether they are companions or competitors.
peft
Minds and Machines - AI for Mental Health Support, Fine-Tuning LLMs with LoRA in Practice
Explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) changing the future of mental healthcare and learn about how to apply Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) to create an AI-powered mental health support chatbot by example
personal
The American Dream ETL - A Data Engineer's O-1A Journey
A personal journey and practical guide from Hamburg to Hollywood
productivity
Your Machine, Your AI - The Ultimate Local Productivity Stack with Ollama
Supercharge Workflows - How to 10x Your Productivity with Local AI, Ollama, and Raycast - 100% Free & Secure
pydantic
Talk to Airflow - Build an AI Agent Using PydanticAI and Gemini 2.0
Create an AI agent with PydanticAI to interact with Airflow DAGs
pydantic-ai
Airflow 3 and Airflow AI SDK in Action - Analyzing League of Legends
Learn Key Airflow 3 and AI Features Through a Practical League of Legends Data Project
Talk to Airflow - Build an AI Agent Using PydanticAI and Gemini 2.0
Create an AI agent with PydanticAI to interact with Airflow DAGs
python
Airflow 3 and Airflow AI SDK in Action - Analyzing League of Legends
Learn Key Airflow 3 and AI Features Through a Practical League of Legends Data Project
Talk to Airflow - Build an AI Agent Using PydanticAI and Gemini 2.0
Create an AI agent with PydanticAI to interact with Airflow DAGs
From Scrolls to Similarity Search - Building a Movie Recommender with DuckDB VSS
Learn how to use DuckDB's Vector Similarity Search extension to create a recommendation engine using semantic search and Gemini embeddings
Stop Creating Multiple Airflow DAGs for Reloads and Parallel Processing
Modern Airflow and Dynamic Task Mapping to Transform Messy DAG Collections into Clean Solutions
Netflix Maestro and Apache Airflow - Competitors or Companions in Workflow Orchestration?
Explore how Netflix Maestro and Apache Airflow, two powerful workflow orchestration tools, can complement each other. Delve into their features, strengths, and use cases to uncover whether they are companions or competitors.
Solving a Data Engineering task with pragmatism and asking WHY?
Explore the essence of pragmatic Data Engineering through a task-solving journey and learn why you should ask WHY?
Create your own Gemini AI-chatbot with a twist using Python, Jinja2 and NiceGUI
Discover the basics of using Gemini with Python via VertexAI, creating a Web UI with NiceGUI and using Jinja2 to construct modular prompts
Create an AI-driven movie quiz with Gemini LLM, Python, FastAPI, Pydantic, RAG and more
Discover the basics of using Gemini with Python via VertexAI, creating APIs with FastAPI, data validation with Pydantic and the fundamentals of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)
Gotta process 'em all - DuckDB masters your data like a Pokémon trainer
Practical examples how to use DuckDB as a tool for data wrangling based on Pokémon API data
Exploring StarCraft 2 data with Airflow, DuckDB and Streamlit
Practical example on how to create an Airflow DAG to fetch data from the StarCraft II API, utilize DuckDB for processing and Streamlit for visualizing
An introduction to Airflow, setting up a local environment and writing your first DAG
This article explains the Apache Airflow basics and guides you through the process setting up a local environment as well as writing your first DAG using the TaskFlow API
rag
From Scrolls to Similarity Search - Building a Movie Recommender with DuckDB VSS
Learn how to use DuckDB's Vector Similarity Search extension to create a recommendation engine using semantic search and Gemini embeddings
raycast
Your Machine, Your AI - The Ultimate Local Productivity Stack with Ollama
Supercharge Workflows - How to 10x Your Productivity with Local AI, Ollama, and Raycast - 100% Free & Secure
recommendation-system
From Scrolls to Similarity Search - Building a Movie Recommender with DuckDB VSS
Learn how to use DuckDB's Vector Similarity Search extension to create a recommendation engine using semantic search and Gemini embeddings
riot-api
Airflow 3 and Airflow AI SDK in Action - Analyzing League of Legends
Learn Key Airflow 3 and AI Features Through a Practical League of Legends Data Project
s3
Solving a Data Engineering task with pragmatism and asking WHY?
Explore the essence of pragmatic Data Engineering through a task-solving journey and learn why you should ask WHY?
similarity-search
From Scrolls to Similarity Search - Building a Movie Recommender with DuckDB VSS
Learn how to use DuckDB's Vector Similarity Search extension to create a recommendation engine using semantic search and Gemini embeddings
small-data
The AI Mirage - The Real Reason Your AI Projects Are Failing
Effective AI implementation relies not only on the quantity of data but also on technical expertise. Let's explore the significance of having a skilled data team for AI projects, learn about the Small Data movement and examine how far we can go with no-code or low-code AI platforms.
sql
Easter egg hunt with BigQuery and User-Defined Functions (UDFs)
Discover the basics of extensibility with BigQuery User-Defined Functions (UDFs) with a little Easter egg hunt game
streamlit
Exploring StarCraft 2 data with Airflow, DuckDB and Streamlit
Practical example on how to create an Airflow DAG to fetch data from the StarCraft II API, utilize DuckDB for processing and Streamlit for visualizing
taskflow-api
Airflow 3 and Airflow AI SDK in Action - Analyzing League of Legends
Learn Key Airflow 3 and AI Features Through a Practical League of Legends Data Project
Stop Creating Multiple Airflow DAGs for Reloads and Parallel Processing
Modern Airflow and Dynamic Task Mapping to Transform Messy DAG Collections into Clean Solutions
tech
The AI Mirage - The Real Reason Your AI Projects Are Failing
Effective AI implementation relies not only on the quantity of data but also on technical expertise. Let's explore the significance of having a skilled data team for AI projects, learn about the Small Data movement and examine how far we can go with no-code or low-code AI platforms.
Netflix Maestro and Apache Airflow - Competitors or Companions in Workflow Orchestration?
Explore how Netflix Maestro and Apache Airflow, two powerful workflow orchestration tools, can complement each other. Delve into their features, strengths, and use cases to uncover whether they are companions or competitors.
Minds and Machines - AI for Mental Health Support, Fine-Tuning LLMs with LoRA in Practice
Explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) changing the future of mental healthcare and learn about how to apply Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) to create an AI-powered mental health support chatbot by example
Solving a Data Engineering task with pragmatism and asking WHY?
Explore the essence of pragmatic Data Engineering through a task-solving journey and learn why you should ask WHY?
Create your own Gemini AI-chatbot with a twist using Python, Jinja2 and NiceGUI
Discover the basics of using Gemini with Python via VertexAI, creating a Web UI with NiceGUI and using Jinja2 to construct modular prompts
Create an AI-driven movie quiz with Gemini LLM, Python, FastAPI, Pydantic, RAG and more
Discover the basics of using Gemini with Python via VertexAI, creating APIs with FastAPI, data validation with Pydantic and the fundamentals of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)
Easter egg hunt with BigQuery and User-Defined Functions (UDFs)
Discover the basics of extensibility with BigQuery User-Defined Functions (UDFs) with a little Easter egg hunt game
Real-time Twitch chat sentiment analysis with Apache Flink
Learn how to use Apache Flink with this demo that uses Stanford CoreNLP to analyze the Twitch chat in real-time
Gotta process 'em all - DuckDB masters your data like a Pokémon trainer
Practical examples how to use DuckDB as a tool for data wrangling based on Pokémon API data
Exploring StarCraft 2 data with Airflow, DuckDB and Streamlit
Practical example on how to create an Airflow DAG to fetch data from the StarCraft II API, utilize DuckDB for processing and Streamlit for visualizing
A Definitive Guide to Using BigQuery efficiently
Make the most out of your BigQuery usage, burn data rather than money to create real value with some practical techniques
An introduction to Airflow, setting up a local environment and writing your first DAG
This article explains the Apache Airflow basics and guides you through the process setting up a local environment as well as writing your first DAG using the TaskFlow API
Hello world
Time for a new project...
vertex-ai
From Scrolls to Similarity Search - Building a Movie Recommender with DuckDB VSS
Learn how to use DuckDB's Vector Similarity Search extension to create a recommendation engine using semantic search and Gemini embeddings
Create an AI-driven movie quiz with Gemini LLM, Python, FastAPI, Pydantic, RAG and more
Discover the basics of using Gemini with Python via VertexAI, creating APIs with FastAPI, data validation with Pydantic and the fundamentals of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)
visa
The American Dream ETL - A Data Engineer's O-1A Journey
A personal journey and practical guide from Hamburg to Hollywood
workflow
Netflix Maestro and Apache Airflow - Competitors or Companions in Workflow Orchestration?
Explore how Netflix Maestro and Apache Airflow, two powerful workflow orchestration tools, can complement each other. Delve into their features, strengths, and use cases to uncover whether they are companions or competitors.